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1.
Univ. psychol ; 16(1): 3-11, Jan.-Mar. 2017. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-904611

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to determine the optimum response time (RT) needed to identify images of everyday objects when filtered using different spatial frequency bands. Subjects were randomly presented with different images of familiar objects that were both serialized and progressive in their spatial frequencies. The time needed to recognize them was then measured. The results showed that the optimum RT for identifying an image filtered in different spatial frequency bands was approximately 2000 ms of exposure. Specifically, stimuli presented using spatial frequency bands with Gaussian filters of variance V26-V32, which were familiar and of medium size to the viewer, were recognized in a mean time of 2126 ms.


RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el tiempo de respuesta óptimo (RT) necesario para identificar imágenes de objetos cotidianos cuando se filtran utilizando diferentes bandas de frecuencias espaciales. A los sujetos se les presentaba aleatoriamente diferentes imágenes de objetos familiares cuyas bandas de frecuencia eran progresivamente serializadas. Se midió el tiempo necesario para reconocerlos. Los resultados mostraron que la RT óptima para identificar una imagen filtrada en diferentes bandas de frecuencias espaciales fue de aproximadamente 2000 ms de exposición. En concreto, los estímulos presentados utilizando bandas de frecuencias espaciales con filtros gaussianos de varianza V26-V32, que eran familiares y de tamaño medio para el espectador, se reconocieron en un tiempo medio de 2126 ms.


Assuntos
Tempo de Reação , Percepção Visual
2.
Metas enferm ; 19(4): 12-17, mayo 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-153601

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: realizar la adaptación cultural a la población española y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de burnout para amas de casa (CUBAC). MÉTODO: la adaptación se realizó en dos etapas, primeramente se examinaron las revisiones semánticas realizadas partiendo del cuestionario breve de burnout (CBB) por los creadores del CUBAC para elaborar este nuevo cuestionario. En la segunda fase se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas del CUBAC. Para ello se administró el cuestionario a una muestra de 130 mujeres españolas y se llevaron a cabo distintos análisis factoriales exploratorios con el objetivo de analizar la dimensionalidad de la escala. El análisis se realizó mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS (v.15).RESULTADOS: una vez analizadas las adaptaciones llevadas a cabo para la creación del nuevo cuestionario se realizaron los análisis estadísticos pertinentes. Los resultados obtenidos determinan una estructura factorial de dos dimensiones mediante las cuales se podría explicar el 60,313% de la varianza. Se advierte que todos los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach son elevados, lo que indica que la asignación de los ítems ha sido correcta. Los resultados obtenidos son parecidos a los del modelo original, pero hay matices importantes que deben tenerse en cuenta en la definición de un modelo de medición. CONCLUSIONES: el número de factores obtenidos en el presente estudio es mayor al que obtuvieron González y Landero en su análisis del CUBAC. Estos datos confirman la necesidad de seguir investigando la dimensionalidad de esta escala


OBJECTIVE: to conduct the cultural adaptation to the Spanish population, and assess the psychometric properties of the Burnout Questionnaire for Housewives (CUBAC).METHOD: the adaptation was conducted in two stages: initially, there was a review of those semantic corrections applied to the Brief Burnout Questionnaire (BBQ) by the CUBAC developers, in order to prepare this new questionnaire. In the second stage, the psychometric properties of the CUBAC were evaluated. To this aim, the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 130 Spanish women, and different exploratory factorial analyses were conducted with the objective of analyzing the dimensionality of the scale. The analysis was conducted with the SPSS statistical program (v.15).Outcomes: after completing the analysis of the adaptations made for developing the new questionnaire, the relevant statistical analyses were conducted. The outcomes obtained determined a factorial structure of two dimensions, which might be used to explain the 60.313% of the variance. It is observed that all Cronbach's alpha coefficients were high, which shows that the item assignation has been correct. The outcomes obtained were similar to those in the original model, but there are important nuances that must be taken into account in the definition of a measurement model. CONCLUSIONS: the number of factors obtained in the present study is higher than the one obtained by González and Landero in their CUBAC analysis. These data confirm the need for further research about the dimensionality of this scale


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Psicometria/instrumentação , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Comparação Transcultural , Mulheres/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica Breve , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto
3.
An. psicol ; 31(2): 725-732, mayo 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-139019

RESUMO

La evaluación de programas se aplica frecuentemente en ámbitos de intervención no estandarizados. Esto conlleva, entre otras, las carencias de: a) modelo teórico validado previamente; b) instrumentos de medida estándares; c) fiabilidad de las medidas. En este trabajo, se plantea que el Análisis Factorial con correlaciones policóricas y el Análisis Multinivel puede ser un procedimiento adecuado hacia el logro de la validez de constructo en contextos no estandarizados de evaluación donde, además, las variables suelen ser no cuantitativas y estar anidadas. El estudio empírico se realiza sobre una muestra de 2754 trabajadores de la Universidad de Sevilla que han respondido a una encuesta de satisfacción elaborada ad-hoc sobre la formación recibida en distintos cursos encaminados a capacitarlos para el correcto desempeño de sus funciones. Cabe destacar la complementariedad entre ambas técnicas de análisis para examinar la variabilidad diferencial aportada por variables explicativas de distinto nivel jerárquico en la predicción de la satisfacción percibido


Program evaluation is usually applied to non-standardized intervention contexts. This implies, among others, deficiencies of: a) validated theoretical models; b) non-standard measurement instruments; c) reliable measures. In this work, we show that Factor Analysis with polychoric correlations and Multilevel Analysis could be an adequate procedure to gain construct validity evidence in non-standard evaluative contexts, where the measures are not quantitative and usually are nested. The empirical study is carried out on a sample of 2754 workers of the University of Seville. They have completed a satisfaction questionnaire about training courses aimed to prepare them for the correct performance of their jobs. We highlight the complementarities between both analytical techniques to study the differential variability provided by explained variables nested in different hierarchical level to predict the perceived satisfaction


Assuntos
Humanos , Teoria da Construção Pessoal , Capacitação Profissional , Avaliação Educacional , Educação Continuada/organização & administração , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise Fatorial , Análise Multinível
4.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 25(4): 144-147, dic. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-134302

RESUMO

Los datos más recientes sugieren que la disfunción cardíaca, cuantificada por el gasto cardíaco, está relacionada con el funcionamiento cognitivo. Objetivo: determinar si el funcionamiento cardíaco actúa como predictor de la función cognitiva en personas institucionalizadas con índice cardíaco normal. Método: estudio observacional con una muestra de 30 sujetos mayores de 80 años, con historial médico clínico sin cardiopatías. Resultados: el análisis de regresión múltiple confirma que las variables cardíacas de riesgo cardiovascular e insuficiencia cardíaca son predictoras del nivel de funcionamiento cognitivo y acumulan un 95,1% de la varianza. Sin embargo, destaca la notable falta de correspondencia entre las medidas clínicas cardíacas y cognitivas con la medida biológica de índice cardíaco. Conclusión: aunque los datos observacionales no pueden establecer causalidad, nuestros resultados muestran que la función cardíaca con índice cardíaco normal se asocia con deterior cognitivo


Most recent data suggest that cardiac disfunction as quantified by cardiac output is related to cognitive performance. Objective: determine if cardiac functionality acts as predictor of cognitive function in old institutionalized persons with normal cardiac index. Method: Observational design with a sample of 30 subjects over 80 years old with medical history without cardiopathies. Results: Multiple regression analysis confirms the hypothesis with respect to the effect of cardiovascular risk and cardiac insufficiency variables, which together account for 95.1% of variance. However, there is a remarkable lack of correspondence between clinical cardiac-cognitive measures and the biological measure of cardiac index. Conclusions: Even if empirical data do not stablish a causal link, our results show that cardiac function with a normal cardiac index is associated with cognitive impairment


Assuntos
Humanos , Função Executiva , Testes de Função Cardíaca , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Envelhecimento , Qualidade de Vida , Estilo de Vida , Testes Neuropsicológicos
5.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback ; 33(1): 49-54, 2008 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18240018

RESUMO

This research is based on previous studies which identified a specific respiratory pattern and inhalation-exhalation ratio, with which we were able to obtain significantly greater reductions in psychophysiological activation than with other respiratory patterns. The present study aimed to check the effectiveness of this respiratory pattern in learning based on biofeedback from the electrical conductance of the skin. The results obtained demonstrated that biofeedback combined with this respiratory pattern produced a significant reduction in psychophysiological activation and improved learning through biofeedback techniques.


Assuntos
Nível de Alerta/fisiologia , Biorretroalimentação Psicológica/fisiologia , Expiração/fisiologia , Resposta Galvânica da Pele/fisiologia , Inalação/fisiologia , Adulto , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Monitorização Fisiológica , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador
6.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 19(3): 413-421, jul.-sept. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68683

RESUMO

En este trabajo se han utilizado los datos del área de Matemáticas de la muestra española que participó en la segunda Evaluación Internacional del Progreso Educativo realizada por el Educational Testing Service. Bajo la lógica de identificar variables relacionadas con un rendimiento alto, nuestros objetivos son: 1) Estudiar las diferencias de las actitudes hacia las Matemáticas, sus hábitos de estudio y su rendimiento en los niños y niñas de 13 años; 2) Analizar la influencia de las actitudes y los hábitos de estudio sobre el rendimiento, examinando las relaciones encontradas tanto en niños como en niñas; 3) Proponer un modelo teóico mediante ecuaciones estructurales que explique las relaciones entre las variables propuestas. Los resultados indican que: a) existen algunas diferencias significativas entre niños y niñas; b) no es posible rechazar el modelo que relaciona los hábitos de estudio y las actitudes sobre el rendimiento en Matemáticas; y c) dicho modelo tiende a mantenerse estable por género


In this paper, we used the data of Mathematics achievements from the sample of 13- year-old Spanish boys and girl who took part in the Second National Assessment of Educational Progress, carried out by the Educational Testing Service. With the aim of identifying variables related to high achievement, our goals are: 1) to analyse whether there are significant differences in 13-year-old Spanish boys and girls in their attitudes towards mathematics, their study strategies, and their performance; 2) to analyse the influence of their attitudes and study strategies on their performance, and to examine whether these relations are the same in boys and girls; 3) to propose a theoretical model that explains the relationship among the variables defined by means of structural equation modelling. The results show that: a) there are significant differences between boys and girls in the variables studied; b) it is not possible to reject the proposed model that relates study strategies and attitudes towards performance in mathematics; and c) the model tends to be stable both among boys and girls


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Estudantes/psicologia , Matemática , Modelos Educacionais , Distribuição por Sexo , Baixo Rendimento Escolar , Atitude , Motivação , Logro
7.
Psicothema ; 19(3): 413-21, 2007 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17617979

RESUMO

In this paper, we used the data of Mathematics achievements from the sample of 13- year-old Spanish boys and girl who took part in the Second National Assessment of Educational Progress, carried out by the Educational Testing Service. With the aim of identifying variables related to high achievement, our goals are: 1) to analyse whether there are significant differences in 13-year-old Spanish boys and girls in their attitudes towards mathematics, their study strategies, and their performance; 2) to analyse the influence of their attitudes and study strategies on their performance, and to examine whether these relations are the same in boys and girls; 3) to propose a theoretical model that explains the relationship among the variables defined by means of structural equation modelling. The results show that: a) there are significant differences between boys and girls in the variables studied; b) it is not possible to reject the proposed model that relates study strategies and attitudes towards performance in mathematics; and c) the model tends to be stable both among boys and girls.


Assuntos
Atitude , Aprendizagem , Matemática , Adolescente , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 12(1): 79-85, feb. 2000.
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-14593

RESUMO

Brain stem, middle auditory and auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from a group of 13 dysphonemic dyslexic children and 10 matched normal controls. Auditory stimuli were used to elicit ERPs. The focus of our study was an ERP investigation of a slower auditory categorization, rather than simple detection, of pure tones. Brain stem and middle auditory evoked responses did not show any retardation in dyslexics compared with non-dyslexic children. When subjects performed a tone categorization task in which they were required to detect a rare tone interspersed in a series of frequent tones, dysphonemic dyslexics showed longer N2 latency. Compared with non-dyslexics, N2 delays were maximal over the left temporo-parietal region and bilaterally over the occipital sites. These areas have been postulated to be crucial in oral language and reading comprehension (AU)


En el presente estudio se registraron potenciales evocados de tronco, medios y auditivos en una muestra de 13 niños disléxicos y 10 niños normales. El objetivo del mismo fue llevar a cabo un estudio respecto a la mayor lentitud de categorización auditiva, más que la simple detección, de tonos puros, en sujetos disléxicos. Las respuestas de potenciales de tronco y potenciales medios no mostraron diferencias entre las dos muestras de niños. Cuando los sujetos realizaron una tarea de categorización de tonos en la que se pedía que discriminaran un determinado tono interpuesto en una serie de tonos frecuentes, el grupo disléxicos mostró una latencia N200 más larga. Comparados con la muestra de niños normales, el retardo del componente N200 fue máxima en la región temporo - parietal izquierda y bilateral en la región occipital. Estas áreas han sido reconocidas como cruciales en el lenguaje y la comprensión lectora (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Dislexia/fisiopatologia , Potenciais Evocados , Transtornos da Percepção Auditiva/complicações , Estudos de Casos e Controles
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